
TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Air Platform, Chemical/Bio Defense
OBJECTIVE: Develop extremely cheap disposable UAVs for detection, tracking, and tagging mass
destruction agents.
DESCRIPTION: Recent bioterror attacks highlight the need to react to any chemical, biological
or radioactive attack, quickly identifying the agent and its spread. The primary objective of
this effort is to integrate novel air vehicle technologies with compact chemical sensors to
provide real-time assessments of hazardous material releases from covert, cheap platforms.
The Air Force challenge is to detect agents and to, determine sources and extent. There are two
general ways of sensing agents, remote and on-site. Remote sensing is currently under
investigation, but weather and terrain conditions, as well as site location could render such
remote sensing difficult. On-site sensing is possible with air delivered ground sensors; however,
these cannot actively search for agents, only react when agents float by. Airborne systems
could actively search for agents, identify sources, and map their spread. Such airborne systems
need to be cheap, capable of aerial insertion, yet exhibit minimal impact to the logistical
chain. They have to require minimal operator training, sparingly use communication bandwidth,
and exhibit useful life. These airborne systems are envisioned to determine extents of attacks
to the homeland, yet must also be able to identify agent research and development (R&D),
manufacturing, and storage facilities in hostile countries. They also must be capable of
sensing a broad range of agents, from chemical/biological to radioactive. It is a logical
extension for such system to track other items, such as pollution, and light video cameras
(< 6 g) have been developed which could also be used for intelligence collection, such as
looking for victims within a cloud, or searching for caves. Therefore, operations should be
automated through "plug and play" programming.
Although many approaches could be envisioned, recent advances in sensing and bio-inspired
technologies might be useful to MAV systems. Biotechnology promises advances in sensor type
and size reduction. Meanwhile, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has
demonstrated the vision of small UAV integration with its successful demonstrations of the Micro
Air Vehicle (MAV) effort. The tantalizing hint of what could be a breakthrough system for sensing
agents of mass destruction is within our grasp, what is needed is breakthrough integration to put
all the functions together on one small air platform.
PHASE I: Conduct analysis and research to develop air vehicle system concepts which innovatively
integrates the disparate functionality required for sensing WMD agents on small UAVs. By system
concept we mean that we need to consider not just the air vehicle, but the control, power, and
other technical parameters such that we can envision a system which can be released into an area
where WMD agents could be, and it will search and find the agents, then report back. We assume
that the small UAVs work in packs (coordinated), have decent range and loitering capability, are
small such that covert sensing can be accomplished, and are very inexpensive. We also assume
that once they are released the human operator has as little interaction as possible. Develop a
baseline mission to evaluate technology alternatives. Perform initial trade studies showing the
suitability of the UAV system alternatives, evaluating practicality while determining the number
of UAVs required for a mission based on technology used. Develop initial concept(s) of UAV group
insertion method(s). Choose the "best" system design to bring forward to Phase II. Show how other
agencies besides the USAF could use this and for which roles.